The origins of Science fiction

Sci-Fi links back to the beginning of mythology from texts such as "Lucian’s true history" written in the 2nd century AD. But the genre Sci-Fi is a relatively new Genre. The name "scientist" was first used only in 1840. But the term Sci-Fi or Science fiction was not used until 1851. Ludwig Holberg from Norway, in 1741 wrote the book Niels Kims reise til den underjordiske verden or in English The Journey of Niles Klim to the World Underground. This book is considered the first science-fiction novel ever written, although it was not under the genre science fiction as the term had not been created as yet.

Categories of Sci-Fi

There are many different types of science fiction. All these topics include:

Space opera, this includes  Melodramatic adventures, often involving space battles an example of this includes Philip Francis Nowlan’s “buck rodgers”

Utopia this includes Description of a perfect society, at least in the author’s mind an example of this includes Ian M. Banks’ “Culture”

Dystopia this includes Description of a society gone wrong an example of this includes George Orwell’s “1984”

 Hard SF this includes Scientific rigor marks the story’s focus an example of this includes Hal Clement’s “Mission of Gravity”

 Soft SF this includes Characterization and ideas about society mark the story’s focus an example of this includes “Star Trek”

 Feminist SF this includes Deals with women’s role in society an example of this includes Ursula K. Le Guin’s “The Left Hand of Darkness”

Cyberpunk this includes High tech in a society that has broken down an example of this includes William Gibson’s “Neuromancer”

Alternate histories this includes History has diverged from the one we know an example of this includes Harry Turtledove’s “The Guns of the South”

 Alternate futures this includes A possible future never comes to pass, often because a character travels back in time and alters the past an example of this includes Back to the Future II which is now also a novel

Slipstream this includes Fantastic or non-realistic fiction that crosses conventional genre boundaries between science fiction and contemporary literature an example of this includes Thomas Pynchon’s “Gravity's Rainbow”

Science fantasy this includes Elements of fantasy and of science fiction are melded an example of this includes Anne McCaffrey's Pern novels

 Dark SF this includes Elements of horror and science fiction are mixed an example of this includes the movie Limitless which is now also a movie and Americas no.1 movie

New wave this includes A movement of 1960s, it boasted a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content an example of this includes Harlan Ellison’s I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream

New space opera this includes A movement of 1990s, the stories tend to be more military-themed and literary than original space opera/space western an example of this includes David Weber’s “On Basilisk Station"

New weird this includes A movement of the early 21st century, surrealism or transgressive horror is used in a science fiction or a fantasy setting an example of this includes China Mieville’s "Perdido Street Station"

Conventions of Science fiction

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